Hacktivism

THESIS
Hacktivism affects digital media designers as their work is mostly digital based and a large part of the broadcasting industry. Hacktivism provokes new ways of thinking as it’s a powerful tool for activism and grabs media attention. However the results of hacktivism are often people feeling paranoid on the internet and the strengthening of cyber defense policies internationally rather than taking the Hackers demands seriously as their anonymous identities can lack credibility.


REFERENCES
http://books.google.co.nz/books?hl=en&lr=&id=VKFMTDnapl4C&oi=fnd&pg=PA239&dq=Hacktivism&ots=jFaGIbPiD6&sig=QW_Q4lHDVLU2GE6DADb62_RU-Gw#v=onepage&q=Hacktivism&f=false
Denning, D. (2001). Activism, Hacktivism, and cyberterrorism: The internet as a tool for influencing foreign policy. Networks and Netwars: The Future of Terror, Crime, and Militancy, 239-241. Retrieved from
http://books.google.co.nz
This article explores how the internet can be a powerful tool for activism, particularly when combined with other communications media such as broadcasting, print media and meetings with policy makers. It allows activists in in politically repressive states to evade government censors and monitors. Those who engage in hacktivism are less likely to change foreign policy than those who employ disruptive techniques. They may feel a sense of empowerment because they can control government computers and get media attention but it doesn't always lead to successfully changing policy. The results are more likely to be the strengthening of cyber defense policies internationally rather than accommodate the needs of the actors.


http://books.google.co.nz/books?hl=en&lr=&id=hew6jmcZvD4C&oi=fnd&pg=PP1&dq=Hacktivism&ots=Wc4Tz2hX_p&sig=S5LYZ2X02fEuN_L67tz5mlB1uPs#v=onepage&q=Hacktivism&f=false
Paul, T., & Jordan, T. (2004). Hacking and Hacktivism. Hacktivism and Cyberwars: Rebels with a Cause? Retrieved from
http://books.google.co.nz
This article goes into depth about hacktivists operating within the fabric of cyberspace and utilising virtual powers to mold offline life. The article argues strongly that social movements and popular protest are integral parts of twenty-first-century societies. “Hacktivism is activism gone electric”.
An interesting point the article underlines is the difficulty to identify definitely where hacking ends and hacktivism begins. Hacking has become a multi-million dollar business but also has an overwhelming negative association with malicious computer intrusion. The term ‘hacker’ is seen as negative.










http://www.emeraldinsight.com/journals.htm?articleid=1503776&show=abstract
Auty, C. (2004). Political hacktivism: tool of the underdog or scourge of cyberspace?. Aslib Proceedings, 56(4), 212-221. Retrieved from
http://www.emeraldinsight.com/journals
This article argues that hacktivism an be a productive part of the political process. It explains how there are various ways of manifesting protest on the Internet and that some of these methods are extremely effective, being cheap to use and requiring limited technical ability. This article covers protest sites, spoof websites and cuber-squatting. The article states “the key to determining the success of these different forms of hacktivism depends on the following criteria: how much nuisance was caused, how widely was it covered (in the press), and fundamentally, did anything change as a result?”.


By Ally Baldwin.